{"id":3514,"date":"2026-01-04T20:14:11","date_gmt":"2026-01-04T13:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/?p=3514"},"modified":"2026-01-05T14:50:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-05T07:50:45","slug":"chia-se-tu-coffee-talk-hieu-cau-truc-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/chia-se-tu-coffee-talk-hieu-cau-truc-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Coffee Talk #2 Chia s\u1ebb t\u1eeb Coffee Talk: Hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m m\u1edbi, khi nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i sau gu\u1ed3ng quay th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn d\u00e0nh bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e0u chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Trong tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng Du l\u1ecbch (RIAT) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Coffee Talk #2: Hi\u1ec3u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u01b0 duy logic t\u1ea1i The Xi Caf\u00e9. Bu\u1ed5i trao \u0111\u1ed5i do PGS.TS Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ea1i Tuy\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc quan t\u00e2m.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian cafe h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111a d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n

Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, Coffee Talk #2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i c\u00e0 ph\u00ea \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, ch\u00e0o nhau sau k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ec9, c\u00f9ng ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n, chia s\u1ebb suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1edfi m\u1edf. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c hay kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, bu\u1ed5i g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i mang t\u00ednh g\u1ee3i m\u1edf.<\/p>\n

\"coffee<\/p>\n

Tham d\u1ef1 Coffee Talk l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh, th\u1ea1c s\u0129, h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean cao h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh, H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Hi\u1ebfn, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc V\u0103n Lang, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc FPT c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a Coffee Talk: T\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u2013 Chia s\u1ebb tri th\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n chia s\u1ebb m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 g\u1ee3i nh\u1eafc \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1m g\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i, tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 S\u00e0i G\u00f2n. Coffee Talk kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng d\u1eebng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ba gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u201cs\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i\u201d tinh th\u1ea7n sau nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u2013 vi\u1ebft \u2013 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1p l\u1ef1c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng b\u0103n kho\u0103n, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, d\u00e1m th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1eadp trung chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng mang t\u00ednh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy logic xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u2013 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 quen thu\u1ed9c, song l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cc\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc\u201d xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 t\u00edch l\u0169y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tham gia \u0111\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung kh\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: kh\u00f4ng \u00edt c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch logic xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n trong b\u00e0i ch\u01b0a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, song khi tri\u1ec3n khai, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

\"coffee<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u, s\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u, n\u1ed9p \u0111i n\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y l\u00fang t\u00fang khi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u01b0a h\u1ee3p l\u00fd trong l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn. Khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khung t\u01b0 duy c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 v\u00ed nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cm\u1edb b\u00f2ng b\u00f4ng\u201d \u2013 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng theo d\u00f5i. Trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u201d c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn<\/h2>\n
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Xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n quay l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n: nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 logic, c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u01b0 duy r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u00f3, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u201cs\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf\u201d logic (The Red Thread) nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi d\u1ec5 h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 m\u1ea1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi trung t\u00e2m. Khi m\u1ea1ch li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1eabn d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 k\u00e9m thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0ng h\u1eefu \u00edch. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i dung, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf m\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n v\u00e0 trung th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u201cs\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf\u201d logic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 hay th\u1ee3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p?<\/h3>\n

Trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 x\u00e2y\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0\u201d. C\u00e1ch v\u00ed von n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hay ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 soi chi\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i c\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 x\u00e2y\u201d, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kia \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i g\u00ec. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp c\u1ea1nh nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u00ec thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c t\u01b0 duy xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1eabn d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

\u1ede m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0\u201d, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngay t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng tranh lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i theo m\u1ea1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch logic v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh<\/h1>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u2013 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u2013 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n

Trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p 7 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 duy th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n chung c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i logic kh\u00e9p k\u00edn: n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf sai, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

1. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft (Abstract) \u2013 Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u201cn\u00e9n\u201d tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt<\/h3>\n

Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft (abstract) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, abstract c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thu g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, n\u01a1i m\u1ea1ch logic ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eafn. D\u00f9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i, ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

\"coffee<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201cc\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng\u201d n\u00e0y, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: abstract n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft. Khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft abstract qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a theo k\u1ecbp nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh di\u1ec5n ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0103n kh\u1edbp gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\u1ede g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 khoa h\u1ecdc, abstract kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1m\u201d quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, abstract c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, abstract \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng hay tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. M\u1ed9t abstract \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lan t\u1ecfa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

2. \u0110\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (Introduction) \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h3>\n

Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 (Introduction) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean hay h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng quan t\u00e2m ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u: v\u00ec sao nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u. Khi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Introduction \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng logic quan tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang g\u00f3p m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n

\"introduction\"<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb b\u1ee9c tranh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y, ph\u1ea7n Introduction c\u1ea7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chung \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u00fd ti\u1ebfp theo. Khi m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (research gap), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ho\u1eb7c c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, research gap s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u voi \u0111u\u00f4i chu\u1ed9t\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m bao qu\u00e1t l\u1edbn, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi ph\u1ea7n Introduction \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch d\u1eabn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang vai tr\u00f2, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trung t\u00e2m m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

3. C\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn (Literature Review) \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng gian tranh lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh m\u1ee5c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/h3>\n

Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn (Literature Review) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft cho th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tham gia nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Khi c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng \u1edf vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 A \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec hay nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

Theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i m\u1edf, Literature Review n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau. Thay v\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u01b0a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng logic \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

\"literature<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean hai t\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. T\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng quan c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean quan, nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh chung v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u1ede t\u1ea7ng n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda \u201c\u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh\u201d c\u1ee7a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n \u0111ang b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 hai t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c khung kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tri th\u1ee9c sang vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn v\u00e0 l\u0103ng k\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t \u201ckhu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy ho\u1ea1ch\u201d. Trong khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i hoa kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c chung v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. Theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, Literature Review kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, n\u01a1i t\u1eebng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n sau.<\/p>\n

4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u (Methodology) \u2013 C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n<\/h3>\n

Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf gi\u00fap to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. Theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng phu, v\u1eabn kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 n\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng: vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00ean xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quen thu\u1ed9c hay s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u01b0u ti\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 tin v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"methods\"<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m, \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xung quanh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 hay ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, b\u1edfi m\u1ed7i c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp trong ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00fap hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a l\u0103ng k\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u quan s\u00e1t, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf. Khi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7u, vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ban \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 khung l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

5. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (Results) \u2013 Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 (Results) gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi hay \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. M\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201ctham lam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d. Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00ec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

\"k\u1ebft<\/p>\n

Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u mang t\u00ednh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin d\u00f9 th\u00fa v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c, nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cShow, don\u2019t Tell\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u hay tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nguy\u00ean v\u0103n t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 \u201ck\u1ec3\u201d l\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u00fd ngh\u0129a khoa h\u1ecdc \u1ea9n sau c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ec9 ra ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u01b0 duy \u201cShow, don\u2019t Tell\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn cho c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u theo \u0111u\u1ed5i, qua \u0111\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

6. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn (Discussion) \u2013 Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n

Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn (Discussion) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho bi\u1ebft nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n: nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec trong b\u1ee9c tranh tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3?<\/em> Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, Discussion kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u sang l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang\u2013sai m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh so s\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng hay th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n Discussion l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u0103ng k\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong khung kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Khi \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 hay quy lu\u1eadt \u1ea9n sau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi l\u0103ng k\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf\u201d logic trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\"coffee<\/p>\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, hai k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 gia c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi. Th\u1ee9 hai, n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p m\u1edbi quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Theo tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk, Discussion kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u201cn\u00f3i l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3\u201d theo c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi vai tr\u00f2 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn (Conclusion) \u2013 Kh\u00e9p m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/h3>\n

Trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn (Conclusion) gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp theo. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 logic th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00fac t\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00fd lu\u1eadn l\u1eabn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mang l\u1ea1i cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p, ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hay b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o trong t\u01b0 duy nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ea7n m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean mang t\u00ednh chung chung, m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp theo, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i h\u00f4 \u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i, qua \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a \u201cs\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf\u201d logic xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Khi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201ct\u1ea1i sao nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft?\u201d, c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. \u1ede th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong b\u1ee9c tranh tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\"coffeeM\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hay m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u00f4ng qua t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n logic v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u2013 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u2013 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i dung r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i t\u1eeb c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 duy.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u201cs\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf\u201d xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Khi m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u1eefng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc: g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb t\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/h2>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk c\u0169ng d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n mang t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong t\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1ebb, m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u201ct\u1ef1 soi\u201d c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i d\u00e2n d\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i \u201ctr\u1edbt qu\u1edbt\u201d, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i (incoherence). Sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf s\u1ef1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, khi ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eaft b\u1ecf\u201d: n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

G\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu li\u00ean k\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u voi \u0111u\u00f4i chu\u1ed9t\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u1ea7m v\u0129 m\u00f4, r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t tham v\u1ecdng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u hay c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111i v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t c\u1eaft r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201ccon voi\u201d, trong khi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u201ccon chu\u1ed9t\u201d, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u201ctham lam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf trong tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u201cti\u1ebfc\u201d d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00f4m \u0111\u1ed3m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, con s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u201ckill your darlings\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt: ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea thay v\u00ec tranh lu\u1eadn. Khi literature review ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 A n\u00f3i g\u00ec, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 B n\u00f3i g\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 tham gia \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i khoa h\u1ecdc. Sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00ec sao nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u201cs\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec gi\u1ecfi th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u00ec ng\u1ea1i x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, thay v\u00ec xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0103ng k\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft tr\u1edf l\u00ean, d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0 duy xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, l\u1ed7i \u201ctell, don\u2019t show\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ho\u1eb7c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. \u0110i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trung gian ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u00f2ng vo, vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1a d\u1eabm qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o AI v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. T\u01b0 duy \u201cc\u1eaft d\u00e1n\u201d n\u1ed9i dung do AI g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ch truy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, thay v\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u00eanh t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n mang t\u00ednh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n

\"coffee<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m \u1edf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u01b0 duy logic v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u201cl\u00e0m cho xong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u201d sang vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i: hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f9ng t\u01b0 duy logic kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ebf v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng h\u01a1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. Khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, thay v\u00ec r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm hay qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201c\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

Bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ch\u00fac n\u0103m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t n\u0103m h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Sau ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m trong kh\u00f4ng gian trao \u0111\u1ed5i khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00e2n m\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac, ban t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng g\u1eedi l\u1eddi h\u1eb9n g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk ti\u1ebfp theo, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c duy tr\u00ec chu\u1ed7i sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt m\u1edf, n\u01a1i t\u01b0 duy nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh trong bu\u1ed5i Coffee Talk #2<\/h2>\n

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\"coffee<\/p>\n

\"coffee<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m m\u1edbi, khi nh\u1ecbp s\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i sau gu\u1ed3ng quay th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn d\u00e0nh bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e0u chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chia…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-du-lich","category-dao-tao-tap-huan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3514\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/riat.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}